Cornell Lab Receives ACS Grant for Cancer Research

By wpengine | December 2, 2002

Prof. William Lee Kraus, molecular biology and genetics, and his laboratory group had a lot to be thankful for over the Thanksgiving holiday — $650,000 in funding, to be exact. The group was recently awarded a Research Scholar Grant by the American Cancer Society (ACS) to further its exploratory research on the relationship between breast cancer and the hormone estrogen.

The research endeavors to learn more about how the hormone estrogen, which promotes the growth of normal breast cells and some breast cancers, regulates the growth of cells in the human body.

Kraus credits Mi Young Kim, a fourth-year Ph.D. student in his laboratory, with a key discovery behind the research.

Kim identified two enzymes that act on the proteins that bind estrogen molecules inside of cells.

The enzymes, an acetylase and a deacetylase, add or remove acetyl groups on the estrogen-binding proteins, or estrogen receptors, thereby modifying the proteins and altering their activity. The research group hopes to learn more about how the activity of the estrogen receptor proteins might be affected by this type of modification in both normal and cancerous cells, according to Kraus.

“The preliminary data and the proposal that we submitted for this grant is based on my qualifying exam. I am very glad that the proposal got funded,” said Kim, who will be a primary researcher on the project.

Estrogen receptors, like the ones being studied by the Kraus group, are a promising new area of breast cancer research. Tamoxifen, a preventative breast cancer drug, blocks the cellular growth-promoting activity of estrogen at the receptor level. The drug has recently been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer by 45 percent in high-risk women, according to Martine Gauthier, regional director of communications for the ACS.

Kim said that her research will further investigate exactly “how the chemical modification of the estrogen receptor, such as acetylation, regulates the activity of the receptors.”

“We hope that the information we obtain from this research will give us clues about how to target the estrogen receptors to find new ways to treat breast cancer,” Kim said.

Until a cure for breast cancer is found, however, the ACS strongly recommends that women follow early detection guidelines like self-exams and regular mammography screening.

The ACS is the largest non-profit source of private funding for cancer research in the nation, and is second only to the government in total dollars spent. According to Gauthier, the organization has more than $314 million currently at work nationwide and more than $38 million at work in N.Y. and N.J.

Archived article by Adrianne Kroepsch

Venables Reacts After Forced Retirement

By wpengine December 3, 2002

Late last summer the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) informed Prof. Robert W. Venables, American Indian studies, that his appointment with the American Indian Studies Program (AIP) would not be renewed, forcing him to retire three years early in June 2004. Later in the semester, Venables learned that he would not be able to teach his popular course, AIS 100: Introduction to American Indian Studies, for his remaining time at Cornell. These two events have stirred controversy among dedicated students and caused many to wonder about the University’s underlying motives. “It would seem there’s a connection [between the events] but I can’t document that,” Venables said. “I think that what’s happened is that someone in the University has decided that I’m no longer of value to the University and someone has also decided that AIS 100 is also not of value to the University as I teach it.” Venables was informed last summer by William Fry, senior associate dean of CALS, that his appointment with AIP would not be renewed. As a result, Venables, who until recently taught only within AIP, became affiliated with the landscape architecture department on Oct. 1 to remain at Cornell. Venables therefore expected to teach AIS 100 from the department, cross-listing it with AIS. The department is jointly sponsored by CALS and the College of Architecture, Art and Planning. A new CALS policy dictates that program lecturers must also be affiliated with a department. Venables believed that his new appointment with landscape architecture would allow him to continue teaching AIS 100. However, he learned in an Oct. 1 letter from Kathryn Gleason, chair of the landscape architecture department, that CALS would not allow him to teach the course after this semester. Venables had a verbal agreement with CALS former dean David L. Call that his contract with AIP would always be renewed. In 2000, when his contract was last renewed for another five years, “there was no indication that the University was dissatisfied with my work,” he said. “It came as a big surprise to me that I wasn’t going to be given an opportunity to present my case. I find that quite offensive.” Last week, Jane Mt. Pleasant, director of AIP, said that the landscape architecture department made the decision not to allow Venables to continue teaching AIS 100. Gleason denied that she had any involvement with the decision. “I had fully expected that [Venables] would be teaching with us until 2004,” Mt. Pleasant said in an article in The Sun last Wednesday. “We are dismayed that this is happening to [him].” Mt. Pleasant declined to comment beyond her statements last week. Venables cited budget cuts and ideological differences as two possible reasons for his contract not being renewed. “I felt that the dean’s office has primarily focused on economics and budget cuts [which could be] either a justification or a major reason,” he said. Additionally, he said, “I have philosophical differences with [Mt. Pleasant].” He would not elaborate on the differences, but said they “could be as severe as Palestinians and Israelis … we’re not talking about superficial issues here.” Venables is also concerned with the fact that if he cannot stay at the landscape architecture department past June 2004, he will retire “three months short of my 63rd birthday,” not allowing him full Social Security benefits. “What the University is doing is knocking me in the kneecaps,” he said. “Even if they didn’t agree with my politics, my research, the Indians I work with, there is a moral issue, an ethical issue of firing someone when they’re almost hitting 63 — I’m certainly going to pursue.” Venables was hesitant to speculate further on the reasons for his treatment by the University and CALS. However, he added, “I don’t want to be paranoid but last time I checked, Cornell was on Cayuga [American Indian] land.” He emphasized that this is the latest in a series of difficulties within AIP. “There’s been a battle in the [AIP] for close to a decade. It involves stands that we take with the external world and philosophies in regard to education,” he said. Venables has taught AIS 100 since 1969 in various forms, beginning as a small seminar at Hunter College then moving to the State University of New York at Oswego and finally to Cornell in 1988. The course is typically large, with 848 students enrolled last year. Although the course was capped at 550 students that year, a computer error allowed twice as many to enroll. The course was then cross-listed with rural sociology, which allowed students left out to enroll with that department when AIS 100 became full. Venables eventually decided to keep the oversized class. This year, however, the course was reduced in size and budget. Approximately 240 students are now in the class, Venables said. He traces these reductions to a change in the formula Cornell uses to calculate the profits from each course. Also, he said, the large size of the course created problems with teaching assistant (TA) lines, among others. In addition, the meeting time was changed from Wednesday nights to Tuesday and Thursday afternoons this year, a change Venables stated was also detrimental. “It makes a huge difference,” he said. “I am not able to talk about as many subjects as with a three-hour block.” He added, “It’s really astounding to me that you get less information in a Tuesday/Thursday class than in a Wednesday-night class.” The course will continue to be taught at Cornell by another professor yet to be hired. A search is currently underway in AIP to find a replacement for Venables. He said that AIS 100 will become a social sciences-oriented course as opposed to the humanities course he has taught for decades. Venables will teach LA 140: Symbols of New York in the spring and a new course on cultural and Native American landscapes next fall in the landscape architecture department. He will continue to teach in the department for his remainder of time at Cornell. “We’re delighted to have [Venables] in our department. He’s a good colleague,” Gleason said. Many current and former students of Venables have expressed concern over his premature retirement and his inability to teach AIS 100. “I took this class first semester of my freshman year,” said Moss Templeton ’03 last week. “It is still the most inspiring class that I have ever taken at Cornell.” Susan Henry, the Ronald P. Lynch Dean of CALS, was not available for comment.Archived article by Andy Guess
Rawlings Comments on C.U. in Online Interview

By wpengine December 3, 2002

President Hunter R. Rawlings III discussed the State of the University in an interview that is now accessible on Cornell’s Cybertower website (http://cybertower.cornell.edu). In the interview, Rawlings looks back on his eight years at Cornell and comments on the direction in which the University is now headed. Rawlings addressed the complications that have arisen because of today’s lagging economy. Cornell’s endowment has suffered over the past several months and the administration has been forced to reevaluate its finances. In response he said, “We are trying to be more efficient in our spending of money.” Included in this reevaluation was the questioning of whether the disciplines under the School of Architecture, Art and Planning were truly connected and warranted their own school. Rawlings was careful to say that no decision has been reached, and it is still quite possible that the administration will settle for working to integrate the three departments within the architecture school, instead of “axing” the school. Another issue Rawlings addressed was the increased emphasis he has placed on undergraduate education since beginning his tenure as the University’s 10th president. Of this he said, “That’s the reason Ezra Cornell founded the University in the first place.” He claimed that at many other universities undergraduates are marginalized in favor of research endeavors and graduates. Rawlings also stressed the importance of freshman year to the undergraduate experience. In support of this idea, he cited the North Campus Initiative and the Freshman Book Project. He claimed that requiring all incoming students to read a book of the University’s choice and to live in the same community gives freshman the “chance to build an intellectual community from the start.” The West Campus Initiative, to begin this year continues the development of an intellectual community. Cybertower was created a year and a half ago through Cornell’s Adult University to “maintain intellectual connections between Cornell faculty and alumni,” according to its assistant director, Lynn Abbott. Abbot said that the site has grown to be a “way of using state-of-the-art technology to give an instant portal to the fine teaching of Cornell.” Each month a different member of the faculty gives a lecture or interview via a video feed, to keep alumni informed of new intellectual developments at Cornell. The site is free and all are encouraged to participate in forums that allow for the expression of opinions regarding the lecture or interview. Finally, Rawlings concluded his interview by advising Cornell’s incoming president to “make sure your own intellectual interests are preserved,” and “make sure you enjoy the job.” In his interview, Rawlings also addressed the three “enabling” disciplines that he and an interdisciplinary committee selected as pivotal to the University’s intellectual growth. Those disciplines are computing and information sciences, material sciences and genomics. Rawlings said that because of the crucial importance of these disciplines they will now receive “privilege through investment.” He was quick to underline his humanist roots, praising Cornell’s humanities departments such as English, history, Germanic studies and philosophy. He said that they form some of the strengths of Cornell and must not be marginalized for the sake of the sciences. Rawlings has announced that he will step down at the end of this academic year. A search committee has been formed and is looking for Cornell’s next president. Rawlings became president July 1, 1995. He graduated with honors in classics from Haverford College in 1966. The interview was conducted by Glenn Altschuler, dean of the School of Continuing Education, in mid-November, and runs slightly over 45 minutes long.Archived article by Michael Margolis