Harry Potter and the End of Literacy

  • E-Mail this story to a friendE-Mail Print this storyPrint
  • Discuss this storyDiscuss (4 comments)
  • Share
    • Share on Twitter!
    • Share on Facebook!
    • Share on Digg!
    • Share on Newsvine!
    • Share on Del.icio.us!

Win a Date With Ted Hamilton


February 16, 2009
By Ted Hamilton

Yesterday The Washington Post printed the last edition of its eminent Book World, the weekly insert that stood as one of the country’s best book reviews. The story is what we’ve come to expect from print media today: plummeting subscription, faltering ad revenue, disappearing profits. Considered alongside the recent deaths of the Los Angeles Times’ and Chicago Tribune’s print book reviews, this seems to be the death knell for the form.

Of course, the problem evidenced by the severe curtailing of newspaper book reviewing is far larger than the loss of a few dozen weekly pages on contemporary literature. For the past few decades, humanists have been bemoaning the increasing lack of patience in our country for anything long or difficult, and books have obviously been the first to fall. An acquaintance with literature, if not a thorough familiarity with it, was once regarded as a requirement for anyone educated or successful; today, it is seen as unimportant or even frivolous.

The odd thing about this decline in general literacy is that people are probably reading more than ever. Beyond the obvious ramifications of a much more highly educated populace, the rise of the Internet has upped the amount of time a person spends reading every day. But they’re not reading Sophocles, to be sure: it’s likely that blog posts and Wikipedia, despite the fact that they put more text before more eyes, have actually hurt our cultural sensibilities. Readers accustomed to short Perez Hilton paragraphs have difficulty turning to, say, the long-winded eloquence of Faulkner, and so the good stuff gets pushed aside.

It’s not even that books have been abandoned altogether. In fact, there have been some astonishing literary phenomena in recent years that probably represent the largest shared experiences of reading in history. The obvious example is the Harry Potter series, which has sold over 400 million copies in 67 languages. More recently, the Twilight books have gotten a boost from the related movie and are now seen in every teenage girl’s hands. And the seemingly unending hubbub over faux-memoirs and the accountability of authors would seem to suggest that people still care deeply about literature.

But the literature under consideration is of a deeply impoverished sort. Harry Potter and Twilight are good for a quick thrill and an occasional, broad-stroked lesson, but there’s no comparison to true art. At the risk of sounding too high-brow (and my hesitation indicates the extent to which cultural elitism has been discredited), the majority of what people read today is schlock. There’s something to be said for the pleasure of reading Tom Clancy or Dan Brown, I suppose, but their prevalence pushes aside the great authors.

It wasn’t always so. Consider this stunning sentence from William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity: “When Tennyson retired to his study after breakfast to get on with the Idylls there had to be a hush in the house because every middle-class household would expect to buy his next publication.” Imagine that — a challenging work of poetry purchased by every middle-class household. The equivalent today might be a copy of Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow on every nightstand, which is an absurd idea. Literature, it seems, has fallen by the wayside.

The one exception to the general indifference to classic literature seems to be Oprah’s Book Club, which is widely hailed as the savior of good books. Titles from As I Lay Dying to Anna Karenina have been featured, and housewives across the country have dutifully perused their pages. The sales figures that Oprah’s gaze inspires are stunning, but do they really indicate an engagement with the work? Certainly, for some people, Oprah opens up new doors to literature and leads them where they might otherwise never have ventured. Still, it’s doubtful that these cursory discussions, which tend to focus on character interaction and shy away from questions of form or style, do much to help the cause of literature. In a review in The Guardian of Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections — a book that Oprah planned to feature but was cut from the list after the author expressed hesitation — the critic James Wood took up this question: “Franzen was right to identify commercial forces such as Winfrey for what they are — forces that may actually be antithetical to literature, for all that they come dressed as literature’s helpmeet. Winfrey’s “book club” after all, has made a great contribution to American literacy, but has very little to do with American literature.”

And so we find ourselves in a cultural desert. People read, but they don’t read what’s valuable; or they read what’s valuable, but they just skim the surface. In what is either an indignant protest or an attempt at compensation, our best writers produce long, complex tomes like David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest or Roberto Bolaño’s 2666. And now, there’s barely even a place left to complain about it: book reviews have been sequestered to the Web, which, quite clearly, is not the ideal place for patient, reasoned criticism.

My proposed solution? Censor the classics. After all, nothing gets people as excited as what they can’t have.

Reader Discussion (4 comments)

February 16, 2009 - 11:48am

Abby (not verified) says:

Great article! It was well written and your points made clear. You remind me of the recent Stephen King interview, telling the general population what is considered a 'good read'. You might not see it this way but you are pissing off every single person who has ever read and enjoyed Harry Potter and Twilight. first off, who the hell are you to tell me what is a good read or not? and what gives you the right to say that it is hurting society? i'm so sorry that the world does not revolve around you and your ideas. you might want to try to stop demeaning the very people that you depend on.

hope that the 'classics' keep you warm at night. maybe if you tried to understand what the pull of the reads are you might actually like it.

and yes, some of even read the classics. shocker eh?

February 16, 2009 - 3:00pm

Literary Avenger (not verified) says:

I, too, hope that the "classics" keep the author warm at night. They make excellent fuel for a woodstove.

What the author misunderstands is that the English language evolves. The "classics" are not any better than what we have now, they simply represent that language and style of their time. Today, we write differently than we did a hundred years ago. Does that make our works inferior? No! In the end, what matters is the story and the characters. The style of writing is secondary, or even tertiary.

Yes, I have read my fair share of the "classics." I particularly enjoyed "The Phantom of the Opera," "The Fellowship of the Ring," and "Huckleberry Finn." Shakespeare's plays I liked as well, especially "Hamlet" and "Macbeth." However, I enjoyed the "Harry Potter" greatly, as well as Robert Jordan's "Wheel of Time" and plenty of other contemporary novels. Their writing may not be as thick and fancy as their ancestors, but it is representative of the times we live in, utilitarian and practical times. Why waste words on flowery narrative when the story and characters are what matter?

Of course, I still applaud Stephen King for criticizing Stephanie Meyer's abysmal writing...

February 17, 2009 - 1:04am

Luna L (not verified) says:

I think the writer should consider that the definition of "great" changes over time.

In the other arts (think visual arts, music, architecture, dance), there is consensus that current, modern works can be adjudged great without them having to resemble was was being produced in the field hundreds of years ago. Literary fundis seem to be the only one who insist that great writing is writing that resembles what was considered great decades, even centuries ago!

No serious artist today (as far as I am aware) tries to imitate the Dutch old masters, modern greats of architecture do not resemble the Greek Parthenon, so why are modern literary classics considered lowbrow unless they imitate the style and structure of past literature?

Byron, Shakespeare and Dickens were the pop-lit of their day. Perhaps it is only a few hundred years that elevates literature? Perhaps in the year 2109 some reviewer will be lamenting how no one reads the literary giants like Rowling anymore?!

February 17, 2009 - 12:01pm

mary (not verified) says:

Although I agree that the Potter books are not, in the end, classics, I think the author is overstating his case. For one thing, there are many exceptionally well-written children's books being published - and read. Some of these, like Lois Lowry's "The Giver", are even bestsellers. For another, we do not know that middle-class people a hundred years ago, or even eighty years ago, were more sophisticated in their ability to read and analyze than we are today. Yes, they bought and read sophisticated literature, but some of them, like the housewives the author disparages, may have merely read these books for pleasure, on a surface level, or because they were popular at the time.

In every generation, I think, we have lamented the decline in literacy. And in every generation, fine and lasting literature has been published. If they are not fine and lasting literature, at least the "Twilight" and "Harry Potter" books are getting kids to read, and that is a good thing.